St. Barbara & Lightning Bolts

A Rood Screen painting (in Eye, Suffolk) 1480 depicts St. Barbara with her tower and palm branch.

If you die suddenly, without the time to receive Last Rites, then St. Barbara can give you everything you need. This is because Barbara herself was killed suddenly, with no warning, on December 4, AD 306. (Did you see last week’s post about St. Barbara and her branches? Look below.)

Barbara’s father was a rich merchant who built a tower with two windows for her to live in while he was away on business trips. While he was away on one trip, she became a Christian and had a third window installed in the tower as a way to honor the Holy Trinity. When her father came home and discovered that she had converted, he was so angry he drew his sword to kill her, but her prayers created an opening in the tower wall and she was miraculously transported to a mountain gorge, where two shepherds watched their flocks. Her father discovered where she was but was rebuffed by the first shepherd. However, the second shepherd betrayed her. For doing this, he was turned to stone and his flock was changed to locusts.

Dragged before the prefect of the province, who had her cruelly tortured, Barbara held true to her Christian faith. During the night, the dark prison was bathed in light and new miracles occurred. Every morning, her wounds were healed. When the jailors attempted t burn her, the torches would go out. Finally, she was condemned to death by beheading. Her father himself carried out the death-sentence. However, as punishment for this, he was struck by lightning on the way home and his body was consumed by flame.

Because of all these parts of her story, she is often depicted with a palm leaf (the symbol of victory, of martyrdom), with her tower, a lightning bolt, or a chalice (because she can give a dying person everything that a priest could in the Last Rites). She is said to especially watch over firemen, people struck by lightning, or miners and anyone who works with explosives. Within the mining and tunneling industry, as a long-standing tradition, one of the first tasks for each new mine or tunnel project is to make a small shrine to Santa Barbara at the entry to the mine or tunnel. This is often followed with a dedication and a request to Santa Barbara for protection of all who work on the project during the construction period.

Summer Lightning

Thunderstorms and lightning strikes are most likely in spring and summer storms.

Thunderstorms and lightning strikes are most likely in spring and summer storms.

The only law against magic made by Constantine in 321 AD exempts magical “steps taken in country districts, that there may be no apprehension of (heavy) rain when the grapes are ripe, or that they may not be dashed to pieces by the force of hailstorms.” (You can read more in  Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: Ancient Greece and Rome.)

There are references to weather magic as early as ancient Greece, as in this quote by Empedocles:

And you’ll stop the force of the tireless winds that chase over the earth
And destroy the fields with their gusts and blasts;
But then again, if you so wish, you’ll stir up winds as requital.
Out of a black rainstorm you’ll create a timely drought
For men, and out of a summer drought you’ll create
Tree-nurturing floods that will stream through the ether
And you will fetch back from Hades the life-force of a man who has died.

(see more in Ancient Philosophy, Mystery, and Magic: Empedocles and Pythagorean Tradition, with thanks to http://www.otherworld-apothecary.com)

In the Jewish practice, a blessing “…He who does acts of creation” is to be recited, upon sighting lightning. The Talmud refers to the Hebrew word for the sky, (“Shamaim“) – as built from fire and water (“Esh Umaim“), since the sky is the source of the inexplicable mixture of “fire” and water that come together, during rainstorms. This is mentioned in various prayers and discussed in writings of Kabbalah.

 Rune Thorn

The Norse rune known as “Thorn” is also associated with lightning for a variety of reasons. It is the rune of cutting, sharpness, and pain, as well as brute strength, the destructive power of chaos and ruin. It also stands in for death and regeneration, transformation and the breaking down barriers.  It can be used to bring on the energies of the berserker and energies this wild should only be used in war or attack. It can be used in magic to raise and guide thunderstorms and direct lightning. In many German fairy tales such as “Sleeping Beauty” the prick of a thorn, pin or spindle casts a spell upon the victim. The bloodstone has been used with this rune in the raising of thunderstorms.

St. John’s Wort

St. John's Wort  can be used to detect another person's use of magic; in times past, it was held to the lips of accused witches to force them into confessing.

St. John’s Wort can be used to detect another person’s use of magic; in times past, it was held to the lips of accused witches to force them into confessing.

St. John’s Wort (“wort” is Middle English for “plant,” from the Old English wyrt) is one of the most powerful and commonly used of the magical herbs. Considered a “masculine” herb and associated with the sun and fire, it is used to conjure health and protection as well as strength, love, and happiness. It is also used for divination.

With the advent of Christianity, it was associated with St. John the Baptist, and was said to start blooming on his birthday, June 24 (i.e. Midsummer). On the day of his beheading (August 29), the plant was believed to bleed red oil from its leaf glands. It is to this day believed to be at it’s most potent when harvested at Midsummer, likely due to the timing of the birthday celebration of St. John the Baptist. The genus name Hypericaceae means “above an icon” in Greek, and sprigs of the plant were used on images and statuary by the ancients to drive off evil spirits.

In modern magic, St. John’s Wort is believed to be of benefit when carried on the person for courage, protection, detecting other magicians, and strengthening the will when confronted with bad situations. The leaves made into a necklace are believed to ward off sickness and tension, and to enhance endurance and will when doing battle.

For protection from lightning, fires, strong storms, and evil spirits place sprigs of St. John’s Wort in a jar and place the jar on a windowsill. Similarly, hanging bunches of the plant over every window of the house is said to protect from evil spirits and evil or demonic witchcraft. Burning St. John’s Wort as incense or in the fireplace thought to protect the home and repel unfriendly spirits, and burning is common in exorcism rituals.

Placing St. John’s Wort under the pillow of a single woman at night is said to induce dreams of her future husband.

One old Welsh custom for Midsummer was to hang a sprig of St. John’s Wort on a rafter for each family member for the night. The degree of wilting of each sprig the next morning was said to foretell how soon each individual would die, thus giving clues on the state of the health of the individual.

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