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St. Barbara & Lightning Bolts

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A Rood Screen painting (in Eye, Suffolk) 1480 depicts St. Barbara with her tower and palm branch.

If you die suddenly, without the time to receive Last Rites, then St. Barbara can give you everything you need. This is because Barbara herself was killed suddenly, with no warning, on December 4, AD 306. (Did you see last week’s post about St. Barbara and her branches? Look below.)

Barbara’s father was a rich merchant who built a tower with two windows for her to live in while he was away on business trips. While he was away on one trip, she became a Christian and had a third window installed in the tower as a way to honor the Holy Trinity. When her father came home and discovered that she had converted, he was so angry he drew his sword to kill her, but her prayers created an opening in the tower wall and she was miraculously transported to a mountain gorge, where two shepherds watched their flocks. Her father discovered where she was but was rebuffed by the first shepherd. However, the second shepherd betrayed her. For doing this, he was turned to stone and his flock was changed to locusts.

Dragged before the prefect of the province, who had her cruelly tortured, Barbara held true to her Christian faith. During the night, the dark prison was bathed in light and new miracles occurred. Every morning, her wounds were healed. When the jailors attempted t burn her, the torches would go out. Finally, she was condemned to death by beheading. Her father himself carried out the death-sentence. However, as punishment for this, he was struck by lightning on the way home and his body was consumed by flame.

Because of all these parts of her story, she is often depicted with a palm leaf (the symbol of victory, of martyrdom), with her tower, a lightning bolt, or a chalice (because she can give a dying person everything that a priest could in the Last Rites). She is said to especially watch over firemen, people struck by lightning, or miners and anyone who works with explosives. Within the mining and tunneling industry, as a long-standing tradition, one of the first tasks for each new mine or tunnel project is to make a small shrine to Santa Barbara at the entry to the mine or tunnel. This is often followed with a dedication and a request to Santa Barbara for protection of all who work on the project during the construction period.

St. Barbara’s Branches

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St. Barbara with her tower and palm branch–indicating that she was a martyr–on a 15th century rood screen.

Barbara, the daughter of a rich pagan named Dioscorus, was carefully guarded by her father who kept her locked up in a tower in order to preserve her from the outside world. Before going on a journey, her father commanded that a private bath-house be erected for her use near her dwelling, and during his absence, Barbara had three windows put in it, as a symbol of the Holy Trinity, instead of the two originally intended. When her father returned, she acknowledged herself to be a Christian; upon this he drew his sword to kill her, but her prayers created an opening in the tower wall and she was miraculously transported to a mountain gorge, where two shepherds watched their flocks. Dioscorus, in pursuit of his daughter, was rebuffed by the first shepherd, but the second betrayed her. For doing this, he was turned to stone and his flock was changed to locusts.

Dragged before the prefect of the province, Martinianus, who had her cruelly tortured, Barbara held true to her Christian faith. During the night, the dark prison was bathed in light and new miracles occurred. Every morning, her wounds were healed. Torches that were to be used to burn her went out as soon as they came near her. Finally, she was condemned to death by beheading. Her father himself carried out the death-sentence. However, as punishment for this, he was struck by lightning on the way home and his body was consumed by flame. Barbara was buried by the Christians and her tomb became the site of miracles.

German-speaking countries celebrate the tradition of Barbarazweig, or the “St. Barbara’s branch.” The original folklore was that unmarried girls cut twigs from cherry trees on December 4–the anniversary of St. Barbara’s martyrdom–and forced them into bloom. There is an old belief that if the twig blossoms on Christmas Eve, the girl will be married the following year.

The practice of forcing the blooms on the cherry tree twigs comes from a legend that while St. Barbara was locked in her tower, she felt lonely. She found a dried up cherry tree branch which she watered daily with a few drops from her drinking water. She was greatly consoled by the beautiful cherry blossoms that appeared just days before her impending execution.

St. Barbara’s feast day also has traditional breads and other wheat foods symbolizing the harvest, with overtones of death and rebirth, tying her feast day to Christmas. In France and the Ukraine, two or more grains of wheat are planted and forced to grow. Folklore states that if they flourish by Christmas Eve, the wheat crop will prosper that year.

According to the Golden Legend, her martyrdom took place on December 4.